Description: This image is a photographic reproduction of a portrait of Charles Hammond (1779-1840). In this portrait Hammond is portrayed in the later years of his life. The intensity of his magnetic gaze belies his age. The portrait is encased in a paper frame with an oval cut-out whose lower border bears the name "Bennet & McLaren, Diamond Gallery, Marietta, O." Charles Hammond (1779-1840) was an attorney, journalist, and early Ohio political leader. He was born in Baltimore County, Maryland. When he was six years old, his father moved the family to a farm in Virginia. He attended the University of Virginia and began practicing law in Wellsburg, Virginia, in 1801. In 1803, Hammond moved to Ohio and was admitted to the Ohio bar. He became interested in the state’s political issues. Between 1813 and 1822, he was elected first to the Ohio Senate and then to the Ohio House of Representatives. His greatest interest was in judicial matters, and from 1823 to 1838 Hammond served as the reporter for the Ohio Supreme Court. During his tenure as court reporter, he published the first nine volumes of "Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Ohio." Hammond continued to practice law for the rest of his life. He became well known for his position defending the state in the United States Supreme Court case, Osborn v. Bank of the United States (1824). Hammond argued that Ohio had the authority to tax the National Bank of the United States because it was a business that competed with other businesses in the state. Although Ohio lost the case, Hammond was recognized as an excellent lawyer. Chief Justice John Marshall complemented Hammond's "remarkable acuteness and accuracy of mind." Hammond also had an interest in journalism. Living in St. Clairsville, he edited the Ohio Federalist from 1812 to 1818. After moving to Cincinnati in 1826, Hammond was the editor of the Cincinnati Gazette. He continued to manage the newspaper and write editorials about constitutional law until his death on April 3, 1840. William P. Bennet and Peter McLaren were the proprietors of a photography studio in Marietta, Ohio, from 1868-1873. Bennet is listed as the proprietor of Diamond Gallery from 1873-1884. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05829
Subjects: Hammond, Charles, 1779-1840; Lawyers--Ohio; Journalists; Legislators--Ohio; Ohio History--Presidents and Politics
 

Description: This is the photograph of the monument marking the grave of Thomas Kirker (1760-1837), the second governor of Ohio. The gray stone monument has a carved inscription. Born in County Tyrone, Ireland, he immigrated with his family to this country when he was about 18. After living in Pennsylvania and Kentucky, he moved with his wife, Sarah, to Ohio in 1793 and eventually settled in Liberty Township in Adams County. Kirker became an influential figure in the Northwest Territory. Governor Arthur St. Clair appointed him to be a justice of the peace in 1797. Over the next several years, Kirker, a member of the Democratic-Republican Party, actively campaigned for Ohio statehood, to the consternation of St. Clair, a Federalist Party member. Kirker represented Adams County at Ohio's first Constitutional Convention in 1802 and also as a member of the General Assembly (1803-1815, 1816-1817, and 1821-1825). He was speaker of the Ohio Senate for seven terms between 1804 and 1815 and as Speaker of the Ohio House from 1816 to 1817. In 1807, he became governor of Ohio after Governor Edward Tiffin resigned to take a seat in the U.S. Senate. Kirker was defeated in the next election, but the winner, Return J. Meigs, was disqualified because he had not lived in Ohio the required numbers of years to become governor. Instead, Kirker remained as acting governor for the duration of the 1807-1808 term. As governor, Kirker dealt with Ohio citizens' concerns about American Indian threats in western Ohio. He sent Thomas Worthington and Duncan McArthur to Fort Greene Ville in late 1807 to investigate, but the two men found no evidence to support the settlers' concerns. Because of Worthington's and McArthur's report, military conflict with the American Indians did not materialize during Kirker's administration. In 1808, Kirker ran against fellow Democratic-Republicans Thomas Worthington and Samuel Huntington for the governorship. Both Kirker and Worthington held similar political beliefs, arguing that the state legislature was supreme in creating law, while Huntington believed that ultimate authority to determine constitutionality of law rested with the Ohio Supreme Court. Kirker and Worthington split the vote among those sharing their view, allowing Huntington to gain the majority and become the state's next governor. Kirker returned to the state legislature, where he continued to represent Adams County until he retired from public service. He died on his Adams County farm in 1837. He was buried in the Kirker Cemetery, sometimes known as the Kirker Family Cemetery, in Adams County. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06960
Subjects: Adams County (Ohio); Legislators; Politicians; Governors--Ohio; Tombstones (sepulchral monuments);
Places: West Union (Ohio); Adams County (Ohio)
 

Description: 1965 map showing the apportionment of the Ohio House of Representatives, broken into counties and townships. The map's caption reads "Apportionment of the Ohio House of Representatives prescribed by the Governor, Secretary of State and the Auditor of State, September 8 and 27, 1965." There are 38 numbered apportionment districts, plus eight counties without assigned numbers. In 1965, Ohio's Governor was Jim Rhodes. Ohio’s first General Assembly convened on March 1, 1803, with thirty members of the House and fourteen members of the Senate, with each county receiving a certain number of legislators based upon the county’s population. In 1903, each Ohio county was guaranteed to have its own House member, while all other members of the House were to be at large positions. In 1966, by order of the federal government, this apportionment procedure ended. Under the new system Ohio has ninety-nine representatives and thirty-three senators from various districts based on population. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: MAPVFM0509_4
Subjects: Ohio General Assembly House of Representatives; Legislators--Ohio; Ohio History--State and Local Government; Maps;
Places: Ohio
 

Description: 1965 map showing the apportionment of the Ohio Senate, broken into counties and townships. The map's caption reads "Apportionment of the Ohio Senate prescribed by the Governor, Secretary of State and the Auditor of State, September 27, 1965." There are 33 numbered apportionment districts, as well as handwritten notes related to county populations. In 1965, Ohio's Governor was Jim Rhodes. Ohio’s first General Assembly convened on March 1, 1803, with thirty members of the House and fourteen members of the Senate, with each county receiving a certain number of legislators based upon the county’s population. In 1903, each Ohio county was guaranteed to have its own House member, while all other members of the House were to be at large positions. In 1966, by order of the federal government, this apportionment procedure ended. Under the new system Ohio has ninety-nine representatives and thirty-three senators from various districts based on population. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: MAPVFM0696_2
Subjects: Legislators--Ohio; Ohio History--State and Local Government; Maps; Ohio General Assembly Senate
Places: Ohio
 

Description: Photograph showing Democratic Ohio legislator Charleta Tavares, taken by photographer Allen Zak for publication in the Columbus Free Press newspaper. Tavares was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives representing the 22nd district from 1993-1998. In 1996, she was elected Minority Whip--the first African American woman to hold a leadership position in the state legislature. She later went on to serve in the Ohio Senate, as the representative for the 15th district from 2011 to 2018. The Columbus Free Press began as a bi-weekly publication in Columbus, Ohio, in 1970. An underground newspaper, it replaced the Ohio State University publication The People, Yes. The earliest known issue of the newspaper appeared on January 4, 1971. The newspaper underwent a series of name changes over the decades, with titles including the Columbus Free Press & Cowtown Times (1972-1976), the Columbus Freepress (1976-1992) and The Free Press (1992-1995). The paper, which covered many liberal and progressive causes, was an alternative to mainstream news sources in central Ohio with the slogan “The Other Side of the News.” In 1995, the paper ceased publication briefly before reemerging as a website in early 1996, and returning as a print publication under the Free Press title in the form of a quarterly journal in 1998. Published under various frequencies during the first part of the 21st century, the Free Press again became a nonprofit monthly publication in 2017 with both a print and web presence, published by the Columbus Institute for Contemporary Journalism and operated by a volunteer staff and board. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: MSS1301AV_B03F07_01
Subjects: Legislators--Ohio; Ohio Women; African American Ohioans; Democratic Party;
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Portrait of Senator Robert A. Taft at his desk, 1949. Taft served as United States Senator from Ohio from 1939 until 1953 when he died in office. He was a candidate for the Republican nomination for President in 1940, 1944, 1948 and 1952. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01078
Subjects: Legislators--United States; Ohio History--Presidents and Politics
 

Description: Photograph showing Ben Espy during his campaign in the Columbus Democratic mayoral primary, credited to photographer J. Weidner for publication in the Columbus Free Press newspaper. A typed caption on the back, meant to accompany an article titled "Why Workers Want Espy," reads, "Ben Espy addresses the needs of workers and 120 out of Columbus' more than 130 unions have responded/ (R to L seated) Robert Brindza, Ohio Council 8 President, Retired, William Endsley Ohio Council 8 President and W.D. Gibbs, Columbus Regional Director." Espy had previously served as a member of Columbus City Council between 1982 and 1992, and in the Ohio Senate beginning in 1992. The Columbus Free Press began as a bi-weekly publication in Columbus, Ohio, in 1970. An underground newspaper, it replaced the Ohio State University publication The People, Yes. The earliest known issue of the newspaper appeared on January 4, 1971. The newspaper underwent a series of name changes over the decades, with titles including the Columbus Free Press & Cowtown Times (1972-1976), the Columbus Freepress (1976-1992) and The Free Press (1992-1995). The paper, which covered many liberal and progressive causes, was an alternative to mainstream news sources in central Ohio with the slogan “The Other Side of the News.” In 1995, the paper ceased publication briefly before reemerging as a website in early 1996, and returning as a print publication under the Free Press title in the form of a quarterly journal in 1998. Published under various frequencies during the first part of the 21st century, the Free Press again became a nonprofit monthly publication in 2017 with both a print and web presence, published by the Columbus Institute for Contemporary Journalism and operated by a volunteer staff and board. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: MSS1301AV_B03F07_03
Subjects: Legislators--Ohio; African American Ohioans; Democratic Party; Political campaigns;
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Carte de visite portrait of John Sherman, 1862. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1855 - 1861. He was elected United States Senator from Ohio in 1861 to fill the Senate seat left vacant by Salmon P. Chase. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00781
Subjects: Legislators--United States; Ohio History--Presidents and Politics; Ohio--Politics and government; Politicians
Places: Washington (District of Columbia)
 

Description: Portrait of Marcus Hanna, ca. 1890-1904. He was appointed in 1897 to fill the United States Senate seat vacated by John Sherman. In 1898 Hanna was elected United States Senator from Ohio and served until his death in 1904. He was also the chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1896 to 1904. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00784
Subjects: Legislators--United States; Ohio History--Presidents and Politics
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph showing Democratic Senator Sherrod Brown in 1975, the year he started his political career as a state representative in the Ohio House. At the time, he was the youngest person elected to that body. Born in Mansfield, Ohio, in 1952, Brown later settled in Lorain. Following his tenure as a state representative (1974-1982), he went on to serve as Ohio Secretary of State (1982-1990), in the U.S. House of Representatives (1992-2006), and as a U.S. Senator (2006-current). In his long political career, he has only lost one race, for re-election as Secretary of State in 1990. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: P339_B02F03_Brown1975_01
Subjects: Legislators--Ohio; Democratic Party; Politicians; Ohio Government; United States. Congress. House; United States. Congress. Senate;
Places: Mansfield (Ohio); Richland County (Ohio); Lorain (Ohio); Lorain County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph showing Democratic Senator Sherrod Brown during his 1982 campaign for Ohio Secretary of State. He would go on to defeat Republican Virgil Brown in the general election later that year. Born in Mansfield, Ohio, in 1952, Brown later settled in Lorain. He began his political career by winning election as a state representative in the Ohio House in 1974. At the time, he was the youngest person elected to that body. Following his tenure as a state representative (1974-1982), he went on to serve as Ohio Secretary of State (1982-1990), in the U.S. House of Representatives (1992-2006), and as a U.S. Senator (2006-current). In his long political career, he has only lost one race, for re-election as Secretary of State in 1990. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: P339_B02F03_Brown1982_01
Subjects: Legislators--Ohio; Democratic Party; Politicians; Ohio Government; United States. Congress. House; United States. Congress. Senate;
Places: Mansfield (Ohio); Richland County (Ohio); Lorain (Ohio); Lorain County (Ohio)
 

Description: Portrait of Mary B. Grossman of Cleveland, Ohio. Grossman (1879-1977) was included on the "Ohio State Honor Roll" from the League of Women Voters of Ohio, ca. 1930, which listed prominent Ohio women involved in the suffrage movement. Her brief biography from the Honor Roll reads: "Mary Grossman was a member of the American Woman's Suffrage Association, the Cleveland Woman's Suffrage Party, of which she was treasurer for a time, the Wage-Earner's Suffrage League, and the League of Women Voters. An able speaker, she was a successful campaigner for suffrage. She was elected a Judge of the Municipal Court in Cleveland, the first woman to hold this position there. She was re-elected last fall on her record. She has been devoted and continuously interested in removing discriminations against women." This photograph comes from the League of Women Voters of Ohio Collection. The League of Women Voters was first formed at the national level in early 1920 by Carrie Chapman Catt, President of the National Woman Suffrage Association. Soon, additional leagues began to form at the state and local level, with the League of Women Voters of Ohio being organized in May 1920 in Columbus. The League was first formed to empower women to use their newfound right to vote, and today its primary purpose remains citizen education. To this goal, it supports voter registration efforts, provides information on candidates and issues, sponsors debates and offers publications on public policy and voter engagement topics. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: MSS354_B10_LWVO_MaryGrossman
Subjects: Women--Suffrage; Social movements; League of Women Voters of Ohio; Suffragists; Activism; Judges -- Ohio; Women legislators;
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)